This guide explains the different types of residence permits available in Spain, who qualifies, how to apply, and the key documents you will need.
RESIDENCY FOR EU CITIZENS
If you are a citizen of the European Union (EU), obtaining residency in Spain is generally a straightforward process.
Step 1. Register at Your Local Town Hall (“Padrón” or “Empadronamiento”)
When you arrive in Spain, your first step is to register with the town hall in the area where you will be living. This process, known as empadronamiento, is mandatory for anyone staying in Spain for more than three months. It allows local authorities to manage population data and public services.
How to register:
- Locate your town hall (Ayuntamiento).
- Prepare your documents, which usually include:
- A valid passport or national ID card
- A completed application form (provided by the town hall)
- Proof of address (rental contract, property deed, etc.)
- Submit your application at the town hall.
Once approved, you will receive a Certificado de Empadronamiento, which is often required for other official processes such as applying for residency, accessing healthcare, or enrolling children in school.
If you move or your personal details change, you must update your registration.
Step 2. Apply for a Residence Certificate (“Certificado de Registro Europeo”)
EU citizens staying in Spain for more than three months must apply for this certificate.
You can apply at the nearest Foreigners Office (Oficina de Extranjería) or at a National Police Station that processes EU registration.
You will need:
- A valid passport or national ID card
- A completed and signed EX‑18 form
- Proof of employment, self‑employment, or sufficient financial means
- Public or private health insurance
Once approved, you will receive a residence certificate containing your name, address, nationality, and Foreigner Identification Number (NIE). This confirms your legal residence in Spain.
RESIDENCY FOR NON‑EU CITIZENS
For non‑EU nationals, the process involves more steps.
Step 1. Apply for a Long‑Term Visa
Before coming to Spain, you must apply for a long‑term visa at the Spanish consulate or embassy in your country of origin. Common visa types include work visas, investment visas, and non‑lucrative visas.
Here is a summary of the most popular options:
Work Visa
Required if you have a job offer in Spain.
Your employer must first obtain a work permit for you.
Once approved, you can apply for the visa, usually valid for the duration of your work contract.
Non‑Lucrative Visa
Ideal for retirees or those with sufficient funds who do not plan to work in Spain.
You must show proof of income or savings and full health insurance.
This visa is valid for one year and can be renewed for two‑year periods.
Entrepreneur Visa
For those planning to start a business or invest in Spain.
You must submit a business plan and prove that the project is innovative and will create employment.
Valid for one year and renewable if the business continues to meet requirements.
Family Reunification Visa
Allows long‑term residents to bring close relatives to Spain.
You must prove you can financially support them and provide adequate housing.
This visa typically matches the duration of your own residence permit.
Requirements and processing times vary depending on your nationality and the consulate processing your application.
Step 2. Arrive in Spain and Register at the Town Hall (Empadronamiento)
After receiving your visa, you may travel to Spain and register at your local town hall, just like EU citizens.
Step 3. Apply for a Foreigner Identity Card (TIE – “Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero”)
Within 30 days of arriving in Spain, you must apply for a TIE at the Foreigners Office or National Police Station.
You will need:
- A valid passport with your visa
- Completed and signed EX‑17 form
- Proof of payment of fees (Form 790, Code 012)
- Three recent passport‑size photographs
- Additional documents depending on your visa type (e.g., work contract, proof of funds)
Once your application is approved, you will receive your TIE, which confirms your legal residence.
Its validity matches the duration of your visa, and it can be renewed.
Conclusion
By following these steps and ensuring you have the correct documentation, you can successfully obtain residency in Spain. Whether you are an EU or non‑EU citizen, it is essential to stay informed of any updates to the process and requirements.
